Bayesian Inference of Self-intention Attributed by Observer

Most of agents that learn policy for tasks with reinforcement learning (RL) lack the ability to communicate with people, which makes human-agent collaboration challenging. We believe that, in order for RL agents to comprehend utterances from human colleagues, RL agents must infer the mental states that people attribute to them because people sometimes infer an interlocutor's mental states and communicate on the basis of this mental inference. This paper proposes PublicSelf model, which is a model of a person who infers how the person's own behavior appears to their colleagues. We implemented the PublicSelf model for an RL agent in a simulated environment and examined the inference of the model by comparing it with people's judgment. The results showed that the agent's intention that people attributed to the agent's movement was correctly inferred by the model in scenes where people could find certain intentionality from the agent's behavior

Retrobulbar Hemodynamic Effects of Nipradilol in Normal and Normal-Tension Glaucoma Eyes

Purpose. To investigate the effects of nipradilol on retrobulbar hemodynamics. Methods. We investigated normal and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) eyes. Topical nipradilol (one eye) and placebo eye drops (fellow eye) were instilled for 1 week in volunteers. Nipradilol was also instilled in NTG patients. Ultrasound color Doppler imaging for the posterior vessels was performed before, 2 hr, 1 week (for normal), and at 4 weeks (for NTG). Results. In normal eyes, there were significant decreases in the resistance index (RI) for the temporal short posterior ciliary arteries (PCA) at 2 hr and for the ophthalmic arteries at 1 week. There were no significant changes in the placebo-treated eyes. In the NTG eyes, there was a significant decrease in the RI for the central retinal artery, nasal, and temporal PCA at 2 hr and 4 weeks. Conclusion. Short-term observations found that nipradilol increased the ocular blood flow in normal and NTG eyes

Trapping of CDC42 C-terminal variants in the Golgi drives pyrin inflammasome hyperactivation

CDC42-C末端異常症に於ける炎症病態を解明 --ゴルジ体への異常蓄積がパイリンインフラマソーム形成を過剰促進--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-05-02.Mutations in the C-terminal region of the CDC42 gene cause severe neonatal-onset autoinflammation. Effectiveness of IL-1β–blocking therapy indicates that the pathology involves abnormal inflammasome activation; however, the mechanism underlying autoinflammation remains to be elucidated. Using induced-pluripotent stem cells established from patients carrying CDC42[R186C], we found that patient-derived cells secreted larger amounts of IL-1β in response to pyrin-activating stimuli. Aberrant palmitoylation and localization of CDC42[R186C] protein to the Golgi apparatus promoted pyrin inflammasome assembly downstream of pyrin dephosphorylation. Aberrant subcellular localization was the common pathological feature shared by CDC42 C-terminal variants with inflammatory phenotypes, including CDC42[*192C*24] that also localizes to the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, the level of pyrin inflammasome overactivation paralleled that of mutant protein accumulation in the Golgi apparatus, but not that of the mutant GTPase activity. These results reveal an unexpected association between CDC42 subcellular localization and pyrin inflammasome activation that could pave the way for elucidating the mechanism of pyrin inflammasome formation

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

Land Subsidence Monitoring on the Underground Mrt Construction Area in Jakarta, Indonesia

Space utilization for measurement of the changes of Earth's surface is an alternative monitoring technique. Covering a large area with better spatial resolution, comparable accuracy and costly low compared with conventional measurement have made SAR technology more popular in monitoring the subsidence. Land subsidence is the vertical movement of the land surface mainly triggered by fluid extraction, load of construction, geological condition, natural compaction or tectonic activity. Previous researchers have found that Jakarta has experienced land subsidence for decades. On the other hand, rapid urban growth and severe congestion problem in Jakarta are also crucial issues. By providing the first MRT subway, it is expected to be solved the congestion problem. Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR) is one of method to identify the deformation with millimeter accuracy. It was perfectly useful for studied on the land subsidence in consequence of the first MRT subway project in Jakarta. The land displacement monitoring along MRT subway trajectory has been acquired by processing Sentinel 1 and ALOS PALSAR-2. This study was able to investigate the land subsidence by using SARPROZ. Finally, the results of this study indicated that land subsidence occurred in the construction area with the lowest land subsidence rate of -0.6 cm/year and the highest land subsidence rate was -7.3 cm/year. Keywords: PSInSAR; subway; land subsidence; MRT

Rotational stability of modified toric intraocular lens.

We evaluated the rotational stability of a new toric intraocular lens (IOL), HOYA XY-1 toric IOL that is an improved version of HOYA 355 toric IOL, with longer overall length (13.0 mm vs. 12.5 mm), shortened unfolding time, and texture processing of the surface of haptics. Data from 193 eyes of 165 patients (76.4 ± 8.3 years old) with preoperative corneal astigmatism exceeding 0.75 diopters who had undergone phacoemulsification and toric IOL implantation were collected and analyzed. Corneal astigmatism, refractive astigmatism, and uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were evaluated before and 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery. The degree of IOL decentration, IOL tilt, and toric axis misalignment was assessed at 1 day and 1 month postoperatively. Fifty eyes received AcrySof toric IOL, 51 eyes TECNIS toric IOL, 46 eyes HOYA 355 toric IOL, and 46 eyes HOYA XY-1 toric IOL. The amount of axis misalignment from the intended axis was significantly different among IOLs (p = 0.004, one-way ANOVA), and HOYA XY-1 showed significantly less amount of axis misalignment than TECNIS (p = 0.020, Tukey's multiple comparison) and HOYA 355 (p = 0.010). The proportion of eyes that showed axis misalignment <10° at 1 month postoperatively was significantly higher with HOYA XY-1 toric IOL than with other toric IOLs (χ2 test, p = 0.020). HOYA XY-1 toric IOL, the modified version of HOYA 355 toric IOL, showed excellent rotational stability in comparison with other models of toric IOLs